Harmonic Circles

Harmony Level

Harmonic Circle of C Major (C)

I – vi – ii – V7
Degree I
C
321×EADGBe

Natural · 1/3

Degree vi
Am
231×EADGBe

Natural · 1/2

Degree ii
Dm
231××EADGBe

Natural · 1/2

Degree V7
G7
321EADGBe

Natural · 1/2

4/4 • 85 BPM•
Learn more (Pedagogy)
Select Circle:
Harmonic Structure

Sequence and Tonal Functions of the Circle C

Formula: I - vi - ii - V7
Transition Technique & Economy of Motion

To achieve smooth chord transitions, always identify anchor fingers (common notes held on the fretboard) and keep your wrist relaxed without sudden arm movements. Practice the loop at a slow tempo before speeding up.

How the chords connect in C major

The progression

  • C, Am, Dm and G7 make up the C major circle, as degrees I, vi, ii and V7.

The notes of each chord

  • C holds C, E and G. In Am you hear A, C and E. Dm holds D, F and A. In G7 you hear G, B, D and F.

From one chord to the next

  • C and Am keep C and E in common. Also, two hand positions stay put. From Am to Dm, A stays, and one hand position stays put. Dm and G7 keep D and F in common. Also, one hand position stays put.

Back to the start

  • Going back from G7 to C, B rises a semitone to C and F falls a semitone to E. The two chords share G.

The hand

  • C presses three positions and leaves two strings open, leaving string 6 unplayed. Am rings with two strings open and three fretted positions, leaving string 6 unplayed. Dm presses three positions and leaves string 4 open, leaving strings 6 and 5 unplayed. G7 rings with three strings open and three fretted positions. The highest fret in the circle is fret 3, in C. None of the four chords uses a barre.

Reference diagram · High definition

C harmonic circle diagram

C harmonic circle for guitar: complete chord diagram with fingering

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Key map: C

Key signature
no sharps or flats
Scale notes
C – D – E – F – G – A – B

The 7 chords of the key

Relative key
Am
Neighbours on the circle of fifths
FG
How to play it with a capo
open shapes, no capoA shapes + capo on fret 3G shapes + capo on fret 5
Download the printable A4 sheet (this circle and 3 more)Download the printable A4 sheet (this circle and 3 more)
Tab and notation

The C circle for guitar

The thumb plays the 5th string for C and Am, the 4th string for Dm, and the 6th string for G7.

Show tab and notation
eBGDAE30101010021012100231323130010001
The tab uses frets 0 to 3.
Show the piano version (grand staff)
Score

The C circle on the staff

The left hand plays C, A, D, and G in the bass.

Show the notes as text, beat by beat

Bar 1 · C

Count1234
Right hand (RH)G4E4C4G4E4C4
Left hand (LH)C3G3

Bar 2 · Am

Count1234
Right hand (RH)E4C4A3E4C4A3
Left hand (LH)A2E3

Bar 3 · Dm

Count1234
Right hand (RH)A4F4D4A4F4D4
Left hand (LH)D3A3

Bar 4 · G7

Count1234
Right hand (RH)F5D5B4G4F5D5B4G4
Left hand (LH)G2D3
Songs with this circle

Famous Songs Using the Circle (C)

Well-known songs that use this progression

Ben E. King • 1961

"Stand By Me"

C - Am - F - G7

Universal pop and soul archetype based on the I - vi - IV - V progression in C.

The Police • 1983

"Every Breath You Take"

C - Am - F - G

Structure in C Major with guitar arpeggios over the diatonic cycle.

The Righteous Brothers • 1965

"Unchained Melody"

C - Am - F - G

Classic romantic ballad sustained by the alternation of the diatonic circle.

The Beatles • 1970

"Let It Be"

C - G - Am - F

Direct rotational variant of the tonal axis in C Major.

Frequently asked questions

Frequently Asked Questions about the Circle (C)

Concrete, direct answers on fingering, strumming, and music theory

Which chords make up the C harmonic circle and what order are they played in?

The C harmonic circle consists of four chords following the I - vi - ii - V7 formula: C - Am - Dm - G7. In guitar practice, it is played in 4/4 time, typically giving one measure (4 beats) to each chord before transitioning to the next in a seamless loop.

What famous songs use the C harmonic circle?

The C harmonic circle is used in worldwide hit songs such as "Stand By Me" (Ben E. King), "Every Breath You Take" (The Police).

In these works, the C - Am - Dm - G7 cycle creates a continuous loop of home, movement, tension, and resolution.

What is the harmonic function of each chord in the C circle?

In the C circle, the first chord (C) provides the home tonic (Degree I/i); the second (Am) introduces relative contrast; the third (Dm) prepares motion; and the fourth (G7) creates dominant seventh tension (V7) resolving smoothly back to the tonic.

What is the best strumming pattern to practice the C harmonic circle?

To build muscle memory and steady rhythm on the C circle, practice with a Pop Ballad or Acoustic Strumming pattern at 75 to 85 BPM. Emphasize the root bass note on beat 1 followed by relaxed down and up strums on beats 2, 3, and 4.

Ear Training Methodology

Want to know how each chord feels?

Discover how the brain experiences Home, The Landscape, The Adventure, and The Return

Read Pedagogical Analysis→