Harmonic Circles

Harmony Level

Harmonic Circle of F Major (F)

I – vi – ii – V7
Degree I
F
1342EADGBe

Barre 1 · 1/3

Degree vi
Dm
231××EADGBe

Natural · 1/2

Degree ii
Gm
1233frEADGBe

Barre 3 · 1/3

Degree V7
C7
3241×EADGBe

Natural · 1/2

Select Circle:
Harmonic Structure

Sequence and Tonal Functions of the Circle F

Formula: I - vi - ii - V7
Transition Technique & Economy of Motion

To achieve smooth chord transitions, always identify anchor fingers (common notes held on the fretboard) and keep your wrist relaxed without sudden arm movements. Practice the loop at a slow tempo before speeding up.

How the chords connect in F major

The progression

  • This circle goes through F, Dm, Gm and C7, which in F major are degrees I, vi, ii and V7.

The notes of each chord

  • In F you hear F, A and C. Dm holds D, F and A. In Gm you hear G, Bb and D. C7 holds C, E, G and Bb.

From one chord to the next

  • From F to Dm, F and A stay, and two hand positions stay put. Dm and Gm keep D in common. Also, one hand position stays put. From Gm to C7, G and Bb stay, and one hand position stays put.

Back to the start

  • Going back from C7 to F, E rises a semitone to F and Bb falls a semitone to A. The two chords share C.

The hand

  • F takes a barre at fret 1. Dm presses three positions and leaves string 4 open, leaving strings 6 and 5 unplayed. Gm takes a barre at fret 3. C7 presses four positions and leaves string 1 open, leaving string 6 unplayed. The highest fret in the circle is fret 5, in Gm. F and Gm use a barre.

Reference diagram · High definition

F harmonic circle diagram

F harmonic circle for guitar: complete chord diagram with fingering

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Key map: F

Key signature
1 flat
Scale notes
F – G – A – Bb – C – D – E

The 7 chords of the key

Relative key
Dm
Neighbours on the circle of fifths
BbC
How to play it with a capo
E shapes + capo on fret 1D shapes + capo on fret 3C shapes + capo on fret 5
Download the printable A4 sheet (this circle and 3 more)Download the printable A4 sheet (this circle and 3 more)
Tab and notation

The F circle for guitar

The thumb plays the 6th string for F and Gm, the 4th string for Dm, and the 5th string for C7.

Show tab and notation
eBGDAE12111211023132313333333333101310
The tab uses frets 0 to 3.
Show the piano version (grand staff)
Score

The F circle on the staff

The left hand plays F, D, G, and C in the bass.

Show the notes as text, beat by beat

Bar 1 · F

Count1234
Right hand (RH)C5A4F4C5A4F4
Left hand (LH)F2C3

Bar 2 · Dm

Count1234
Right hand (RH)A4F4D4A4F4D4
Left hand (LH)D3A3

Bar 3 · Gm

Count1234
Right hand (RH)D5Bb4G4D5Bb4G4
Left hand (LH)G2D3

Bar 4 · C7

Count1234
Right hand (RH)A#4G4E4C4A#4G4E4C4
Left hand (LH)C3G3
Songs with this circle

Famous Songs Using the Circle (F)

Well-known songs that use this progression

The Beatles • 1965

"Yesterday"

F - Em7 - A7 - Dm - Bb - C7

Paul McCartney ballad structured on the harmony in F Major.

Coldplay • 2002

"The Scientist"

Dm7 - Bb - F - C

Introspective piano and guitar cadence in F Major.

Frequently asked questions

Frequently Asked Questions about the Circle (F)

Concrete, direct answers on fingering, strumming, and music theory

Which chords make up the F harmonic circle and what order are they played in?

The F harmonic circle consists of four chords following the I - vi - ii - V7 formula: F - Dm - Gm - C7. In guitar practice, it is played in 4/4 time, typically giving one measure (4 beats) to each chord before transitioning to the next in a seamless loop.

What famous songs use the F harmonic circle?

The F harmonic circle is used in worldwide hit songs such as "Yesterday" (The Beatles), "The Scientist" (Coldplay). In these works, the F - Dm - Gm - C7 cycle creates a continuous loop of home, movement, tension, and resolution.

What is the harmonic function of each chord in the F circle?

In the F circle, the first chord (F) provides the home tonic (Degree I/i); the second (Dm) introduces relative contrast; the third (Gm) prepares motion; and the fourth (C7) creates dominant seventh tension (V7) resolving smoothly back to the tonic.

What is the best strumming pattern to practice the F harmonic circle?

To build muscle memory and steady rhythm on the F circle, practice with a Pop Ballad or Acoustic Strumming pattern at 75 to 85 BPM. Emphasize the root bass note on beat 1 followed by relaxed down and up strums on beats 2, 3, and 4.

Ear Training Methodology

Want to know how each chord feels?

Discover how the brain experiences Home, The Landscape, The Adventure, and The Return

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